Dry cutting machines cutting tool and its design

Summarize as plan of law of law of environmental protection stricter and stricter, abroad is in car and medium or small in manufacturing industry, the application of dry cutting is wider and wider, there already was close half enterprise to use treatment of dry type cutting in Western Europe at present, german enterprise particularly general. Of Japan " manufacturing facilities market " the magazine singles out the home of industry of Japanese factory automation included in 10 big news 1997 " the processing technique that protects an environment is incorporate " . This shows: Dry cutting processing technique develops those who make prospective processing technique one of way. Dry cutting is not simple cancel cutting fluid to be able to come true, significant and the attrib border condition that the dry cutting treatment with feasible economy asks anatomize is specific and the complex element that master dry cutting treatment, the design that is dry cutting machining complex provides requires technical data. Requirement of work of cutting tool of dry cutting treatment is abominable, loss of life. Accordingly, need material of logical choice cutting tool and coating, design parameter of reasonable cutting tool geometry. The article analyses the characteristic that dry cutting machines, put forward to do the cutting specific requirement to cutting tool, the design that discussed dry cutting cutting tool wants a place. 2.

The requirement dry cutting that does cutting to machine pair of cutting tool is machined even if should be below the condition that does not have cutting fluid creation is had with wet cut identical or the cutting condition of close. Accordingly, raised taller requirement to cutting tool. Cutting tool should be had exceedingly good high temperature resistant the cutting tool data with current performance, like new property hard alloy, get together brilliant pottery and porcelain and CBN have enough high temperature resistant abrasiveness can, can use below dry cutting condition. In addition, the most effective method has coat to cutting tool namely. Coating the action in cutting process as be in cutting tool and cut the separator that a force and heat increased between bits, can prevent deliver quantity of heat cutting tool matrix, can make sure blade of cutting tool cutting is sharp consequently, make knife head hardness won't drop very quickly, can raise its greatly high temperature resistant function. Production carries out a proof, although the quantity of heat that cannot produce cutting division is returned to follow the eduction that cut bits completely in dry cutting, but want parameter of appearance of geometry of logical choice cutting tool, cutting only, aux will be able to makes majority heat in metal cutting follows the eduction that cut bits, obtain favorable treatment result. Cut the coefficient of friction between bits and cutting tool to want as far as possible when small dry cutting is machined, the instability of chemistry of high temperature generation that arises in cutting area, cutting tool and cut the attrition between bits to increase, the speed that discharge bits is decelerated, extremely easy generation accumulates bits tumour, aggravate cutting tool wears away. Accordingly, must reduce cut the coefficient of friction between bits and cutting tool, the most effective method has coat of cutting tool surface namely, design the cutting tool structure with a good bit. If tap of coating of TiAlN of big helix angle is,have the dry cutting cutting tool of this kind of function. The structure of cutting tool wants to be able to discharge bits to do cutting quickly in treatment, machine quality and cutting tool life to assure workpiece, requirement cutting tool can be fast eduction cuts bits, make the quantity of heat that passes into workpiece and cutting tool decreases greatly. Cutting tool is due higher intensity and impulse withstand tenacity choice is fit the cutting tool material at doing cutting, if exceed fine grain hard alloy, pottery and porcelain and material of cermet cutting tool, diamond and CBN to wait, also can have appropriate coat on matrix of high-speed steel, hard alloy, be like TiAlN coating, TiCN coating, TiAlN+MoS2 coating, kind diamond DLC (Diamond-Like-Carbon) coating. Diamond and CBN can be used at working to cut cast-iron, over- in all all sorts of brilliant aluminium alloy, steel and titanium alloy. 3.

Point of design of dry cutting cutting tool and application 3.

1 dry car (mill) cutting tool of dry cutting of point of cutting tool design wears away depression with crescent moon normally for reason of main be no longer in force, because the cutting tool in treatment and the temperature that cut bits to contact area are elevatory,this is be caused by. Accordingly, should make cutting tool has normally big before horn and blade dip. But before after horn increases, edge intensity can suffer an effect, should cooperate to fall with be being lost aptly right now arris or before knife face strengthens unit, the material that makes point of a knife and point have enough volume and more logical way bear heat in metal cutting and cutting force, slow down concussion and crescent moon expand depression, make point of a knife and point can retain enough strength in longer cutting time. In addition, cooperate the horn after the horn before big point of a knife and point of a knife, can make horn of wedge of cutting tool point increases, decrease cutting tool and already machined the osculatory length between the surface, of face of the knife after be being reduced effectively wear away and damaged odds. Graph the geometrical appearance of razor blade of 1 dry mill pursues the geometrical appearance bit that if the graph is shown 1 times,the treatment process of 2 dry cutting and common cutting uses quite, can reduce greatly cutting tool and cut the interface between bits to accumulate, make cut bits to take away a large number of quantity of heat. Graph the 2 treatment process sketch map that are dry cutting and average car, mill. See by the graph, when face of the knife before cutting bits to had shed common razor blade, because osculatory area is large, the quantity of heat that passes into cutting tool is much, produce crescent moon to wear away depression thereby, lower cutting tool life; And use the bit that the graph shows 1 times, have on face of the knife before cutting tool strengthen arris, cutting tool and the osculatory area that cut bits also are reduced greatly, majority quantity of heat is cut bits is taken away, cutting temperature can reduce about 400 ℃ than common razor blade, also increased to cut corner at the same time, make cutting tool life rises significantly, can allow to use higher cutting rate, improved manufacturing efficiency, if carry average cutting rate, criterion cutting tool life can raise 3 ～ 4 times. To cutting tool of pottery and porcelain, because brittleness is bigger, accordingly, can choose T model or face of double T arris, abrade perhaps, or combination of a few kinds of methods. Recommend like American Valenite company 0.

Face of the T of 30 ° of 5 × arris is used at Al2O3+TiC razor blade, dry type processes hard steel of temper by dipping in water, use as far as possible big beyond slant horn. According to appearance of geometry of different razor blade, the cutting tool beyond when half fine vehicle slants horn is - 30 ° of 5 ～ , commonly used bit geometry appearance is square, triangle and 80 ° lozenge. To CBN cutting tool, pour arris too big, when processing hard steel of temper by dipping in water, in cutting tool and workpiece contact place generation high temperature makes point wears away very quickly. Accordingly, do not use commonly pour arris greatly, point can use inclined plane or pour a circle to reach the part before losing, as far as possible big beyond slant horn. Suggest limits extraction a cost is: (25 ° of 15 ° ～ ) × 0.

The T of 25mm pour arris, reentry goes 0.

01 ～ 0.

Of 03mm abrade. 3.

Point of design of cutting tool of 2 thread machining doing type is current, when using tap tap, contain machine chloride in order to use to fight extremely the emulsion effect that press is best. But organic chloride is very big to environmental pollution. Factory of German Emuge thread tool is polluted to reduce an environment, development developed zoology advantageous tap, it but in the tap on the material of wider range beardless cutting fluid. To finish dry type tap, must consider when tap parameter designs: Have little attrition resistance, in order to win measure accurate be worth small whorl with exterior surface roughness; Groove design should make cut bits easily curly, leave screw freely; Undertake to tap surface coating is handled, in order to acquire good exterior position, reduce cutting stress, protect tap. The size scope of this kind of tap has two kinds, namely the reinforces handle measure series and M12 ～ M20 dimension set of M5 ～ M10. Dry cutting processes steel the tap of whorl its chamfer it is helix chamfer normally, the helix angle measurement when machining via whorl and blind aperture is different. When be like whorl of treatment blind aperture, often use the big helix angle of 35 ° ; When hole depth is more than diameter of 2 times tap, can use small helix angle, normally 5 ° , right now length of ministry of tap cutting awl is C/2 ～ 3 teeth. And when dry cutting machines cast-iron whorl, no matter be via or blind aperture, tap chamfer all be straight chamfer, length of ministry of its cutting awl is C/2 ～ 3 teeth. To small diameter tap, to raise intensity and stiffness, its chamfer also can design special form, if do not have groovy extruding tap. Tap of the extruding that do not have groove is used at machining small diameter whorl or plasticity the whorl on older stuff is very effective. Dry cutting machines tap to all need to undertake coating is handled normally, commonly used coating has TiN or TiCN. Graph 3 dry type and wet treatment machines a condition quite: M6 × 1, material of workpiece of G7P via whorl: Zincic armor plate, whorl length 3.

Diameter of 2mm bottom outlet: F5.

55mm, cutting speed: 15m/min experiment condition: M5 × 0.

Material of 8 tap workpiece: Appearance of aperture of aluminium Ly-2 whorl: Blind aperture, whorl grows diameter of 11mm bottom outlet: 4.

2mm(cutting) , 4.

5mm(squashs) cutting speed: 15m/min(cutting) , 10m/min(squashs) machine tool: AG, 32 besides, the author is laminose to waiting in A3, 45 steel (thick 2mm is the following) on the craft that machines whorl undertook discussing, used new-style bottom outlet to become aperture technology, used dry type cutting and extruding whorl technology successfully, use special design and production bottom outlet to shape cutting tool and coating extruding tap can make the treatment of bottom outlet and whorl is finished at the same time, avoided original craft to need to solder nut or the trouble that design production die for special purpose to have punched hole, solved the thin plate that perplexes the industry such as gold of car, Ban for a long time thread machining craft, have exceedingly good treatment effect. 4.

Treatment of dry cutting of epilogue cutting tool should choose reasonable cutting tool material to keep abreast of on one hand an appropriate exterior coating; Must have parameter of reasonable cutting tool structure on the other hand. The research that use example successfully according to abroad and combines the author makes clear: Want a condition only the choice is proper, in our country existing technology condition falls, its dry cutting treatment can come true. The green workmanship method that dry cutting treatment is a kind of ideal. Although do the application that cutting processes at present,limits is not very extensive, but already became one of current heat however to its research. Applied research of abroad is more extensive, basically be the strict requirement by force of concerned law laws and regulations and value to what dry cutting machines foreground, certain and successful application sets an example, promoted the development of dry cutting processing technique. Home still has different view at present to doing cutting to machine, but look from the angle of development, the application of dry cutting is inevitable trend. CNC Milling CNC Machining